China's Fertility Decline - Challenges and New Policies Aiming to Boost Fertility
China's efforts to raise birth rates must still address the underlying causes of their rapid decline, analysts point out. Although the country began easing its strict "one-child" policy nearly a decade ago, the birth rate has continued to fall, with a record low of 9.02 million newborns last year.
The number of new marriage registrations also fell 25% year-on-year in the third quarter, showing the total for the year will fall to 6.4 million, the lowest since 1979, according to analysis by the financial services firm. Numbered.
Rather than trying to spur a significant increase in births, China's policies so far have been more about "supporting families and allowing those who want to have a second or third child to do so more easily and affordability," experts say.
Chinese authorities last month announced plans for subsidies and tax breaks for families with children under the age of 3. The measures also extended maternity leave to 158 days from 98 days. Last year, the country doubled the childcare tax cut to $280 a month.
Births in China have been on a drastic downward trend since the government implemented a nationwide "one-child policy" in 1980. The United Nations in July predicted that China, the world's second most populous country, is expected to lose more than half its population by 2100, in the largest decline ever recorded.
The country's previous policies fundamentally changed young people's perception of families, analysts point out. Slower economic growth has also led "young people to second-guess or delay plans to start a family."
World Bank data showed the fertility rate, defined as births to each woman, was 1.2 in China in 2022, below 1.7 in the US, which has benefited from a more open immigration policy. According to analysts, China is expected to account for just 3% of the world's births in 2100, down from 8% in 2021.
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