Renewable energy overtakes fossil fuels for the first time in the EU last year
Wind and solar power generated more electricity in the EU than fossil fuels for the first time in 2025, marking a "major achievement" in the transition to clean energy.
A new report from energy think tank Ember has found that renewable energy produced almost half of the EU’s electricity last year, despite a decline in hydropower and a rise in gas use. Wind and solar power led the boom, accounting for a record 30 percent of the EU’s electricity, outpacing fossil fuels by just one percent. But experts warn that the EU’s “ageing” grid is still holding back progress.
The report argues that coal is “almost extinct” as electricity generation fell to a historic low of 9.2%. In 19 EU countries, coal-fired electricity now accounts for less than 5% of total generation.
Over the past decade, coal reductions have not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in gas or other fossil fuels. However, gas production in 2025 increased by eight percent compared to 2024, mainly due to a reduction in hydroelectric power production (-12 percent) due to sunny weather and lack of rain in the EU.
This brought the EU energy sector's gas import bill to €32 billion, 16 percent higher than last year. Analysts also found that price increases during peak gas usage hours led to an annual increase in wholesale electricity prices in 21 EU member states.
Wind power also fell by two percent, but it remains the second-highest form of renewable energy generation. Again, this was attributed to the fact that the start of 2025 was less windy than the start of 2024.
Over the last five years, electricity from fossil sources has fallen from 36.7 percent of EU electricity to 29 percent.
Last year’s renewable energy boom has been attributed to a “tremendous” increase in solar power, with generation increasing by more than 20 percent for the fourth year in a row. EU solar power generation reached 369 TWh in 2025, the same amount that global electricity demand grew by in the first half of the year.
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