Renewables, 35% of total in EU - Nuclear and coal power have shrunk in recent decades
Nuclear and coal power in the EU have declined significantly over the past 20 years, while renewables have increased their presence. The European Union is no longer producing electricity like it did two decades ago.
Nuclear-powered generation shrank to 23% of the EU's energy mix last year, from 32% in 2000, while coal-fired generation fell to 12% from 30% over the same period.
While figures vary significantly between EU member states, renewable energy has grown steadily in almost all countries over the past two decades. But nuclear energy remains a vital contributor, despite a gradual decline in its share since 2000. This source is the largest contributor to electricity production in countries such as France, Belgium, Hungary, Bulgaria and Slovakia.
In 2023, renewables accounted for the largest share of electricity generation in the EU at 35%, followed by fossil fuels at 32% and nuclear power at 23%.
The share of renewables in the EU's electricity production has more than doubled since 2004, reflecting the bloc's commitment to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
Despite Europe's climate commitments, some countries, including Italy, Germany and the UK, continue to rely heavily on gas power for electricity generation.
Germany shut down its last three nuclear reactors in April 2023, marking the end of electricity generation from this source. In 2000, nuclear power plants accounted for 30% of the country's energy production.
Wholesale electricity prices across Europe remain higher than pre-war levels in Ukraine, although they have fallen sharply from a peak in 2022 when the conflict rocked global energy markets. In November, prices reached their highest level in recent months, reflecting continued market volatility.
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