Which country leads the race for “AI”? - The gap between superpowers narrows, Europe lags behind
As the global race to become the leader in generative artificial intelligence gathers pace, new data shows that there are no longer just two contenders in the game. The United States still leads, but China is closing the performance gap and Europe is also gaining ground, according to a new report from Stanford University. U.S.-based institutions produced 40 major AI models, while China produced 15 and Europe just 3 in 2024.
Despite the number produced, the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Index 2025 weighed several criteria and found that Chinese models almost reached the level of the US on two performance indicators: Massive Multitasking Language Understanding (MMLU), which tests knowledge and problem-solving skills, and HumanEval, which assesses code generation skills. “The race is tighter than ever, and no one has a clear lead,” the report’s authors said.
The results come as global leaders say winning the innovation battle is critical to national security and advances in health, business and technology. Meanwhile, companies such as OpenAI, Google and DeepSeek, among many others, are racing to build the best possible platforms.
When OpenAI's ChatGPT went viral in late 2022, only it and Google had pioneering technologies in the sector. But now, other US companies, such as Meta, Elon Musk's xAI and Anthropic, are catching up, the report showed.
Another benchmark also showed that China's DeepSeek R1 model ranked closer to OpenAI and Google's models. DeepSeek shocked markets in January when it hit the scene with R1, an artificial intelligence model and chatbot that the company claimed was cheaper and performed as well as rival ChatGPT.
In terms of the most popular machine learning models in 2024, the top contributors were OpenAI, with seven models, Google (six) and China’s Alibaba (four), the report showed. France’s Mistral AI ranked eighth with three models. Another indicator that the AI race is narrowing is the number of AI publications and patents, which shows China significantly ahead of the US.
The report found that as of 2023, China leads in total patents, accounting for almost 70 percent of all grants. South Korea came in second place and Luxembourg came in third, which also stood out as the leading producer of artificial intelligence patents based on population. The development of new models is becoming increasingly global, with notable launches from regions such as the Middle East, Latin America and Southeast Asia.
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