Study/ Kamza, Albania's energy "hotspot" - The density of heating demand is about 4 times higher than in Tirana
When talking about energy in Albania, attention usually focuses on Tirana as the country’s largest urban center. However, according to the latest Energy Community report analyzing Albania’s potential for more efficient heating and cooling, in line with the new EU Energy Efficiency Directive, the area with the highest density of heating demand is not the capital, but Kamza.
The report shows that the heating energy density in Kamza reaches about 2436 kWh per square meter per year, while in Tirana this figure is about 546 kWh per square meter per year. This means that the concentration of heating demand in the territory of Kamza is approximately four times higher than in Tirana.
The difference becomes even more noticeable when compared to the national average, which according to the report is around 290 kWh per square meter per year. So, Kamza has an energy density that is several times above the national average and significantly higher than most other cities.
The main reason is not that households in Kamza consume more energy individually, but rather that buildings are concentrated in a relatively small area. Kamza has a limited administrative area but a high density of buildings and population. This means that many homes require energy for heating and cooling within a small geographical area.
In practice, this creates a point of very concentrated energy demand, especially during winter, when a large number of households simultaneously use electric heaters, air conditioners or other individual appliances. The report highlights that there is currently no central heating system or district heating in Albania, which means that each household solves its own heating needs.
In Tirana, although the number of inhabitants is much larger, the territory is wider and the demand is distributed over a larger area. In other cities such as Shkodra or Korça, according to the maps of the report, the density of energy demand is significantly lower than in Kamëz, precisely due to the larger territorial extent and lower concentration of buildings.
In addition to heating, Kamza also results in high values for cooling and sanitary hot water, turning this municipality into what experts call an "energy hotspot", an area where energy demand is extremely concentrated.
This high concentration is not necessarily a problem in itself, but it does require careful energy planning. In many European countries, areas with high energy density are considered suitable candidates for district heating systems, as the high concentration makes it economically more profitable to invest in shared infrastructure.
The report highlights that demand for energy for heating and cooling is expected to increase by 2050, meaning that high-density areas like Kamza could face even greater pressure in the future.
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