Social housing and rental assistance - How much do European governments spend per person?

Housing is becoming a growing crisis across Europe. In December 2025, the European Commission announced its first European Affordable Housing Plan. The initiative aims to address one of the most pressing concerns for citizens: access to affordable, sustainable and quality housing.
Most European countries now provide housing benefits as part of their social protection systems. However, levels of support vary widely, reflecting different national policies.
According to Eurostat, housing accounted for 1.35% of total social protection expenditure in the EU in 2024. This amount amounted to €66.5 billion, equivalent to 0.37% of EU GDP and €148 per inhabitant.
Housing benefits per person vary widely across Europe. They range from almost zero in Bulgaria to €755 in Ireland among 31 countries. Finland ranks second with €484, followed by the United Kingdom with €406. Among the five largest European economies, Italy (€13) and Spain (€36) share significantly less than their counterparts.
In nominal terms, Germany allocates the largest amount to housing benefits at 27.4 billion euros, accounting for more than two-fifths of the EU total. France follows with 16.1 billion euros, around a quarter of the total.
The recently presented European Affordable Housing Plan focuses "on increasing housing supply, boosting investment and reforms, addressing short-term rentals in areas under housing pressure and supporting the most affected people".
According to experts, the success of the plan will be determined by the capacity at the local level to meet these needs. Affordability should be the goal, and the most affordable housing is public, cooperative, and social.
Over the last decade, between 2015 and the third quarter of 2025, house prices in the EU increased by 64% and rents by 21% according to Eurostat.
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