2025, the third warmest year on record - Scientists call for emissions reduction
The planet just experienced the third warmest year ever recorded and average temperatures have exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming over three years, the longest period since records began, EU scientists said.
Data from the European Union's European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) confirmed that the past three years have been the planet's warmest since records began. The warmest year ever recorded was 2024.
The world has just experienced the first three-year period in which the average global temperature was 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial era, the limit beyond which scientists expect global warming to cause severe impacts, some of them irreversible.
Governments pledged under the 2015 Paris Agreement to try to avoid exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming, measured as an average temperature over decades compared to pre-industrial temperatures.
The last three years combined are the first three years above 1.5 degrees, meaning that "we are getting closer and closer" to the 1.5-degree threshold set by the Paris Agreement, said the Director of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, Carlo Buontempo.
Exceeding the long-term limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius, even if only temporarily, would lead to more extreme and widespread impacts, including longer and more intense heat waves, as well as more powerful storms and floods.
The "best tool" available to limit temperature increases is to reduce emissions, Buontempo said, adding that air quality in Europe has nevertheless improved "massively" over the past 20 years.
Despite these worsening impacts, climate science is facing growing political opposition. US President Donald Trump, who has called climate change "the greatest hoax", last week withdrew from dozens of UN entities, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
The difficult political winds have also pushed the European Union to weaken key policies to reduce emissions.
The long-established consensus among the world's scientists is that climate change is real, caused largely by humans, and getting worse. Its main cause is greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, which trap heat in the atmosphere.
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