Minimum wage fraud - Union estimates total damage at 64 billion euros over ten years

Unpaid working hours, fictitious deductions, unrealistic standards, and the circumvention of the minimum wage have cost Germany around 64 billion euros in the last ten years, according to calculations by the Confederation of Trade Unions.
The affected workers alone, who did not receive the full minimum wage, suffered losses of 35 billion euros. Social security funds lost 22 billion euros, while the state treasury was deprived of seven billion euros in income tax. The analysis covers the period from the introduction of the minimum wage in 2015 to 2024.
According to the union, around six million people are currently paid the minimum wage in Germany, mainly in gastronomy and hospitality, trade or agriculture. However, in practice not everyone receives their full minimum wage, based on the work done. For example, they are not paid in full for their working hours. The legal minimum wage is currently at least 13.90 euros per hour for all professions. No one can be paid less per hour, except in exceptional cases, such as trainees.
According to calculations, since the introduction of the minimum wage, these losses have affected an average of two million workers per year. Trade unionists refer to data from the so-called Socio-Economic Panel - an annual survey covering around 30,000 people in 20,000 households. Experts calculated that on average workers were missing out on between 1.70 and 2.40 euros per hour.
The state authorities are trying to react through the Financial Control of Illegal Work (FKS), which operates under German Customs. In 2024, almost 6,200 investigative procedures were initiated on suspicion of violations of the Minimum Wage Act and a total of 25.4 million euros in fines were imposed.
What field inspectors most often encounter are incomplete or inaccurate data on working hours; workforce falsely presented as interns; standby time, preparation time for work or travel that is not paid at all; and even agreements with employers for payments below the minimum wage, which workers accept for fear of losing their jobs.
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