Food security, between war and climate change - Study: How sustainable are European food systems?
As global food challenges mount, even the most resilient nations are looking vulnerable as the world races to feed 10 billion people by 2050. Climate change, trade restrictions and global conflicts in recent years have shown how challenging it can be for food production and distribution to continue as usual.
However, some countries are showing their persistence: Portugal tops the list with the most resilient food systems globally, followed by France and the United Kingdom, according to a new index of 60 countries by Economist Impact.
The study analyzed countries across four main pillars: food affordability, availability, quality and safety, and climate risk resilience. The report finds that even the most resilient systems in the index score no more than 80 out of 100 points. Climate risk resilience is the weakest pillar of the index with an average score of 56 points, although most countries have made sustainable agricultural choices. In this section, the United Kingdom ranks first, with 71 out of 100 points, while Portugal ranks third, with a score of 69 points. On the other hand, Romania and Hungary are the least resilient EU countries.
But which countries are the biggest food producers? Just 15 countries produce 70% of the world's food, with France and Germany the only EU countries on the list. On the other hand, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Spain and Poland are among the world's top food exporters. The research shows that a small number of countries and trade corridors support the majority of the world's food security.
Resilient food systems are important because they ensure access to healthy and affordable diets. In Europe, the cost of a healthy diet is 2.42% of average GDP per capita. This is the lowest price in the world. Food waste is also a problem for food systems, as 13% of produce is lost before reaching retail and 19% of it is wasted at the household level.
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