Implementation of the 5G network, what stage are we at? - AKEP: Mobile operators are working on adding new antennas
Currently, mobile companies are working to add new antennas and increase 5G network coverage and services. Immediately after receiving authorization in November 2024, both mobile operators began operating 5G technology with several stations (antennas), initially in the Municipality of Tirana.
The implementation of the 5G network has a number of costs for mobile companies. According to the Annual Report of the Electronic and Postal Communications Authority (AKEP), the individual authorizations issued to the two mobile operators for the use of the 3400-3800 MHz frequencies are accompanied by several conditions, which are related to investments in technology. The implementation of new technologies is accompanied by investments in the construction of new stations (antennas), investments in the central network equipment of the mobile operator, investments in the fixed supporting network of optical fibers, investments in the necessary civil works, in the maintenance of this network, and others.
Around 55% of the population is expected to be covered with 5G service by 2027 and 85% of the population by 2030. Meanwhile, by the end of this year, the Port of Durres, Vlora, Shëngjin, Saranda, Porto Romano, Tirana International Airport, Kukës and Vlora Airports, Tirana - Durres Industrial Zone and Tirana Hospital Centers will be covered with the 5G network in the authorized 3400-3800 MHz band.
The main 5G frequency bands are the 700 MHz band, the 3400-3800 MHz band, and the 26 GHz band.
The 700 MHz band is technically the best frequency band for building 5G networks, especially because the frequencies of this band provide very good coverage with a certain number of stations (antennas). Immediately after the release by AMA, AKEP will begin the procedures for granting use of this frequency band to mobile operators.
For the 26 GHz band, mobile operators have expressed that they are not interested due to the small coverage provided by the antennas of this frequency band and the large number of antennas needed to provide the necessary coverage.
The 3400-3800 MHz band is technically the preferred band for networks in urban areas with high population density, but it is not very preferred for rural or mountainous areas, as the technical characteristics of the waves in this band are such that they do not provide very large territorial coverage.
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